Multiple-frame surveys are a type of survey methodology that uses multiple sampling frames in order to increase the representativeness and accuracy of the survey results. This is particularly useful in cases where a single sampling frame may not adequately capture the target population, or when certain subgroups within the population are underrepresented in a single sampling frame.

One example of a multiple-frame survey is the use of both a landline and a cell phone sampling frame. In recent years, the number of households without a landline has increased, and using only a landline sampling frame would exclude a significant portion of the population. By using both a landline and a cell phone sampling frame, the survey is able to capture a more complete representation of the target population.

Another example of a multiple-frame survey is the use of both a list-based sampling frame and a random digit dialing (RDD) sampling frame. List-based sampling frames, such as voter registration lists or lists of households with a certain characteristic, are often used in surveys. However, these lists may not be comprehensive and may exclude certain subgroups within the population. By using both a list-based sampling frame and an RDD sampling frame, the survey is able to capture a more representative sample of the population.

Multiple-frame surveys have several advantages over single-frame surveys. First, they can increase the representativeness of the sample by capturing a wider range of the population. This is particularly useful when certain subgroups within the population are underrepresented in a single sampling frame. Second, multiple-frame surveys can improve the response rate by increasing the number of potential respondents. This is because using multiple sampling frames increases the likelihood of reaching a larger portion of the population, which in turn increases the likelihood that individuals will respond to the survey.

However, multiple-frame surveys also have some limitations. First, they can be more complex and time-consuming to implement compared to single-frame surveys. This is because multiple sampling frames need to be identified and used, which can require additional resources and expertise. Second, multiple-frame surveys can be more expensive to conduct compared to single-frame surveys. This is because they typically require the use of multiple data collection methods, which can increase the overall cost of the survey.

Overall, multiple-frame surveys are a valuable tool for increasing the representativeness and accuracy of survey results. By using multiple sampling frames, they are able to capture a wider range of the population and improve the response rate. While they may be more complex and expensive to implement compared to single-frame surveys, they can provide valuable insights into the target population that would not be possible with a single-frame survey.