Oracle property : The Oracle property, also known as the Oracle estimator, refers to a statistical estimator that is assumed to have perfect knowledge of the true underlying distribution or population from which a sample is drawn. In other words, an Oracle estimator is a hypothetical statistical estimator that is able to make the most […]

Optimization methods : Optimization methods, also known as maxima and minima methods, are techniques used to find the maximum or minimum value of a function. These methods are used in a wide range of fields, including mathematics, engineering, and economics, to solve problems that involve maximizing or minimizing some quantity. There are two main types […]

Opinion survey : An opinion survey is a research method used to gather information about people’s attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. It is a way for businesses, governments, and other organizations to gather data about their target audience and make informed decisions based on that data. There are two main types of opinion surveys: online and […]

Operational research : Operational research (OR) is a discipline that focuses on the application of scientific methods, mathematical models, and statistical analysis to solve complex problems in various fields, such as business, engineering, and healthcare. OR aims to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and performance of organizations and systems through the use of scientific approaches and […]

Open Source : Open source refers to a type of software whose source code is available to the public for use and modification. This means that anyone can access, modify, and distribute the software for free. Open source software is often developed collaboratively by a community of volunteers, who work together to improve and enhance […]

Open label study : An open label study is a type of clinical trial in which both the participants and the researchers know which treatment is being administered. This differs from a double-blind study, in which neither the participants nor the researchers know which treatment is being given. Open label studies can be useful for […]

One Shot Learning : One shot learning is a machine learning approach where a model can learn to perform a task from a single example. It is particularly useful when the number of training examples is small or when the cost of collecting more examples is high. One shot learning can be contrasted with traditional […]

One-sided test : A one-sided test, also known as a one-tailed test or directional test, is a statistical hypothesis test in which the null hypothesis is tested against a specific alternative hypothesis that states that the population parameter is greater than, less than, or not equal to a certain value. The direction of the alternative […]

One Hot Encoding : One hot encoding is a technique used to represent categorical variables in a machine learning model. It is called one hot encoding because it creates a new dummy variable for each unique category in the categorical variable, and assigns a “1” to the dummy variable corresponding to the category the observation […]

Ogive : An Ogive is a graph that shows the cumulative frequency distribution of a continuous or discrete variable. It is a graph of the cumulative frequency distribution, and it is a smooth curve that represents the cumulative frequencies of the data set. To understand Ogive, let’s take an example of a class of students […]