Large Sample Methods : Large sample methods are statistical techniques used to analyze data sets with a large number of observations. These methods are useful for making inferences about a population based on the characteristics of a sample. There are two main types of large sample methods: hypothesis testing and estimation. Hypothesis testing is a […]

Laplace approximation : Laplace approximation is a method used in statistics and machine learning to approximate a complex posterior distribution with a simpler, Gaussian distribution. This allows for easier calculation of probabilities and inference, as well as more efficient optimization of model parameters. One example of Laplace approximation is in Bayesian linear regression, where the […]

Landmark-based shape analysis : Landmark-based shape analysis is a method used in the field of biology to study the shape and form of biological structures, such as organs or bones. This method involves identifying specific points on the structure, known as landmarks, and using mathematical and statistical techniques to analyze the distances and angles between […]

Landmark analysis : Landmark analysis is a technique used in geography and geology to study the spatial relationships between different features on the earth’s surface. The technique involves identifying key landmarks, such as mountains, rivers, or other natural features, and using them as reference points to measure the distances and directions between other features. This […]

Lancaster Models : Lancaster Models is a mathematical model used to analyze and predict the joint distribution of multiple variables. This model assumes that the variables are interdependent and that the relationship between them can be described by a set of equations. One example of Lancaster Models joint distribution is in the field of finance. […]

Lagrange multipliers : Lagrange multipliers are a mathematical tool used to find the maximum or minimum value of a function subject to constraints. Essentially, they allow us to find the optimal solution to a problem by combining multiple equations and constraints. For example, let’s say we have a rectangular field that we want to fence […]

Lagging indicators : Lagging indicators are economic indicators that tend to change after the economy has already begun to follow a particular pattern or trend. These indicators are typically used to confirm or validate a given trend, rather than to predict future economic activity. Examples of lagging indicators include the unemployment rate and the inflation […]